father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
aaah!; oooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
bond (between people); (emotional) ties; bonds; tether; fetters
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
(meeting with) disaster; (having an) accident; mishap; shipwreck; distress
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
telecommunications; correspondence
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to try; to attempt; to have a go (at)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
circuit; cycle (e.g. Krebs cycle); cycle; loop
to branch; to fork; to separate; to split; to disperse; to scatter
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
three; three years of age
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the way it was; the way it used be; as of old; in former times
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?