guarding; guard; railway bridge (over a road); (railroad) overpass; flyover
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
defense; defence; protection
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
main point; essential point; important thing; necessity; need; requirement
stronghold; inner citadel; base; headquarters
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
base (military, expedition, etc.); enthusiast; maniac; fanatic
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
research; study; investigation
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
maintenance; servicing; putting in place; development; improvement
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from the beginning; from the first; of course; not to mention ...; not only ... but also ...
troops; group members; team members; SDF officials
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
everyday life; daily life
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be involved (in); to get involved (in); to relate to (a matter); to pertain to; to (seriously) affect; to concern
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
function; facility; faculty; feature
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
summarization; summary; generalization; review (by labour or political movements of past activities, results, etc.)
management; administration; operation
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
unsanitary condition; lack of hygienic care; inattention to hygiene; unhygienic conditions
while; during; while; although; all; both
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top