indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
unconcernedly; nonchalantly; shamelessly; brazenly
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
dhyana (profound meditation); Zen (Buddhism)
child (esp. a boy); viscount; founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius); master; masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature); (arch.) you; -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing ...)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make someone cry; to move someone to tears; to grieve
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
with one's own body; by one's own action; by one's own experience; barely (e.g. escape); narrowly
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
at once; immediately; right now
registration; accession; register; entry; record; subscription
to erase; to rub out; to turn off (a light, TV, heater, etc.); to switch off; to extinguish (a fire, candle, etc.); to put out; to remove (a smell, pain, etc.)
both (people); the two of them
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
to call (someone) to (the door, phone, etc.); to tell (someone) to come; to call up (on the phone); to invoke (e.g. a subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
please excuse the intrusion; I'm coming in
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
these guys; these fellows
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
any more; anymore; any further; any better; any longer
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she