hello; good day; good afternoon
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); urine; piss; elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name)
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
mountain villa; mountain retreat; mountain cottage
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Utsunomiya (city in Tochigi)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
(Ogura) Hyakunin Isshu; classical Japanese anthology of one hundred Japanese waka by one hundred poets; hyakunin isshu karuta; hyakunin isshu poetry cards; deck of 200 cards, the 100 waka of the Hyakunin Isshu split between them, to be matched together during the game
fusuma; Japanese sliding screen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decorate; to ornament; to display; to exhibit; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
coloured paper; colored paper
shape; form; security; collateral; obverse of an old zeni coin
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
stylish; fashionable; dressing (oneself) up; dressing smartly; fashionable dresser; smartly dressed person
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself