Mongolia (region); Greater Mongolia; Mongolian Plateau; Mongols (nomadic tribe)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
little while; short time; (arch.) an hour; half-hour; half an hour
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to come surging (waves, enemy troops, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to refuse; to reject; to repel; to repulse; to make (someone) leave; to send away
on the occasion of; at the time of
lord of a manor; estate steward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
great numbers (of people); numerical superiority; masses; people; folk; clique
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Jurchen pirate tribe who invaded Tsushima in 1019
flag; banner (administrative division of Inner Mongolia)
in accordance with; according to; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
too (much); overly; excessively
to face (each other); to be facing; to be directed toward (the future, etc.); to be in response to; to receive (a client, etc.); to compare with
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to gather up; to scrape up together; to rake
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
heigh-ho; heave-ho; alley oop
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
each; (arch.) you (plural)
charge (of something); matter in one's charge; (one's) assignment; (one's) job
baton (of command); order; command; direction
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
type; style; mold; mould; kata (set sequence of positions and movements in martial arts); style (in kabuki, noh, etc.); convention
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)