in short; in a nutshell; in a word; to cut a long story short
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
like he said; same for me; ditto
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no!; no no!; no, not at all
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to ignite; to set fire to; to spark (an incident, etc.); to inflame (a situation, etc.)
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
landowner; landlord; landlady
insurrection; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; uprising
to show signs of ...; to have the appearance of ...
strife; riot; (media) uproar; brouhaha; feud; tussle
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
by means of; due to; because of; according to
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
southern part; the south (of a region)
various kings; unproclaimed son of the imperial family
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances