indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
suffix for familiar person
(mountain) pass; highest point on a mountain road; ridge; peak (e.g. of summer); worst (e.g. of an illness); crisis
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
three; three years of age
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
mud; (wet) dirt; thief; Android (mobile operating system)
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
stable boy; stable hand; groom
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
even if; even though; although one might say; although called
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and