to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
harvest; crop; ingathering; fruits (of one's labors); gain; result
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
incomplete understanding; doubt; question; distrust; suspicion; strangeness
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
glaring at each other; confrontation; standoff; face-off
national border; provincial border
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
secret; private; surreptitious
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
to collect; to assemble; to gather
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
news; word; tidings; omen
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
to vitalize (e.g. an industry); to invigorate; to energize; to establish (e.g. a company); to build up; to set up
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
should; must; -able; probably; likely
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
unusual; uncommon; extraordinary; out of the ordinary; incomparable; serious
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)