again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
precognitive dream; foresight dream; prophetic dream
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
consequence; outcome; result; blame
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
suffix for familiar person
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hitting a dangerous (harmful) spot (e.g. hitting one's head)
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
bump (e.g. on forehead); lump; protuberance; swelling
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)