android; artificial human; robot
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
agreement; consent; same opinion; same view; same meaning
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
medical practitioner's law
(medical) treatment; care; therapy; cure; remedy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
listening comprehension; aural comprehension; hearing what others say; gathering information, opinions, etc.; public hearing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
former; previous; old; first move (in go, shogi, etc.); opening move
observer; watchman; lifeguard
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
than; from; out of; except; but; more
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
by means of; due to; because of; according to
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
duty; function; office; mission; task
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question