violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
head; lead; vanguard; first
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
sacrifice; victim; sacrifice (to a deity)
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; a second time
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
orders; instructions; directive; command
coughing; hacking cough; thundering; drumming
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
(common) cold; influenza; flu; ague; inflammatory respiratory system illness (in general)
to come back; to return; to recur
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
summer cold (illness); summer flu
insistent; obstinate; persistent; too rich (taste, etc.); fatty; heavy
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
so; like this; in this way
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be silent; to say nothing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly