secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
passage; pathway; roadway; avenue; aisle
hidden room; secret chamber
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
(unlikely event of) emergency; the worst(-case scenario); (lit.) 10000 to 1; (if) by some chance; by some possibility; in the unlikely event that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
quick; speedy; prompt; rapid; swift
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
flight; desertion; escape
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
careful; thorough; meticulous; scrupulous
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
operation; management; handling; manipulating (to one's benefit); manipulation; influencing
trace; vestige; mark; sign; evidence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
two times; twice; two degrees
throughout; over a period of ...; over a span of ...
go that far; to that extent
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
study; research; investigation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonsense; silly talk; drivel; rubbish
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that's the way it is; such is life