indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
than; from; out of; except; but; more
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pungent; irritating; acrid
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to hear by chance; to hear by accident; to catch (the sound)
about here; in this neighborhood
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
seems to be; appears to have; supposed to be
at any rate; anyhow; anyway; in any case; because; as you know
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very