indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
to insert; to put in; to plant (a cutting); to strike; to arrange (flowers); to wear (a sword) in one's belt
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wife; bride; (one's) daughter-in-law
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that is to say; so that means
peace; security; tranquility; tranquillity
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
form; shape; figure; visage
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to work out (e.g. business deal); to arrange (e.g. marriage)
preparedness; readiness; mental attitude; frame of mind
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to live; to make a living; to get on with
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be brought forward (e.g. by three hours); to be moved up; to be hasty; to be rash; to quicken; to speed up
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
studying under; looking up to; apprenticing oneself to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to mislead; to misguide
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
morning; forenoon; just before noon