until now; so far; up to the present
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
so; like this; in this way
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
column; beam; girder; digit; decade; order of magnitude
to abate; to decrease; to diminish; to shorten
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
please; somehow or other; one way or another
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
to increase; to add to; to augment
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
beyond imagination; unimaginable
to warp; to curve; to arch; to bend backward (body or body part, e.g. fingers)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
good thing; nice thing; good excuse; good grounds; interjection used to impress an idea or to urge a response
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
(at) a glance; (judging from) appearances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
while; even though; despite
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family