to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Tsugaru (Western region of Aomori Prefecture)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
lower back; waist; hips; body (of hair, noodle, paper, etc.); resilience; spring
to hurt; to injure; to harm; to damage; to worry; to bother
now; the present time; just now; another; more
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
imagination; supposition; guess
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to burst in; to barge in
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to