indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
flute; fife; pipe; whistle
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to pass (of time); to elapse
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to engage (with); to be in gear (with); to bite each other; to be on the same wavelength
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
fiction; fabrication; concoction; fictitious; fictional; imaginary
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
aim; goal; purpose; look; eyes; expression of eyes
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to catch; to stop the blow; to react to; to take (advice, etc.); to accept
control (of a machine, device, etc.); control (over an opponent, one's emotions, etc.); governing; management
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
in comparison to; rather than
hot (thing); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to hug someone close; to hold someone tight; to embrace closely
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)