be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in that way; thus; so; so?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
ideal land; earthly paradise; Utopia; Arcadia
beyond this point; from now on; after this
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to be helpful; to be useful
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this world; this life; world of the living