suffix for familiar person
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to play with (a toy, one's hair, etc.); to fiddle with; to toy with (one's emotions, etc.); to trifle with; to do with something as one pleases; to appreciate
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
older sister; lass; young lady
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
curse; spell; malediction
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
going to and fro; back and forth
lightly rolling (of a small and round thing); pleasant, high-pitched sound (e.g. bell, young woman's laughter); changing frequently (e.g. conversation, plans); (occurring) in rapid succession (e.g. sumo wrestlers being defeated); roly-poly; chirp chirp (sound of insects); ribbit ribbit (sound of frogs)
in succession; one by one
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
ultramarine colour (color)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
welcome!; nice to see you!
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
to knead; to mix with fingers; to quibble; to argue for argument's sake
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...