-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
no matter how much time passes
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
substitute for a proper greeting (e.g. gift)
shot; charge; blow; punch; home run; try
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how; in what way; by what means
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
the Big Dipper (asterism); the Plough; the Plow
family; members of a family
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to draw back; to sink; to be set back (e.g. from a road); to withdraw (e.g. from the public eye); to retire to (somewhere)
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me