indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now; the present time; just now; another; more
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
proceeding to the capital (Tokyo)
university student; college student
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
in that way; thus; so; so?
clear weather; fine weather; formal; ceremonial; cleared of suspicion
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
slip; omission; upshot; denouement; punch line (of a joke)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ronin; masterless samurai; high school graduate waiting for another chance to enter university after having failed the yearly entrance examination; person out of work; jobless person; (arch.) wanderer
in this way; thus; such; uh...
preparatory school (for entrance examinations); cram school; cramming school
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
study; diligence; discount; reduction
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
school of one's (first, second) choice
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
adds force or indicates command
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")