suffix for familiar person
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
condominium (usu. mid or high-rise); apartment building; apartment house; block of flats; apartment; flat
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
you (plural); all of you; you all
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
now; the present time; just now; another; more
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
front and rear; front and back; before and after; around; about; order; context
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
story; tale; talk; discussion
of course; certainly; naturally
together; at the same time; same; identical
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
Kanji era (1087.4.7-1094.12.15)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
so; like this; in this way
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)