indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
martial arts; military arts; wushu; modern sport derived from traditional Chinese martial arts
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
great war; great battle; world war
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
decision of a contest; finals (in sports)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
fighting a good fight; putting up a good fight; fighting bravely
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
youth; child (esp. of the young son of someone of high social standing); young; new
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
one by one; one after another; successively
being defeated; being eliminated (from competition)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
battle formation; camp; encampment; group; gang; war
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
war; battle; match; game; competition
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
fierce (fight, competition, etc.); severe; hot; hard; bitter; keen
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to investigate thoroughly; to master
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
as it is bound to (happen); following the natural course; though possible as it may be
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit