indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
human realm; world of humans; terrestrial world
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
class-B; B class; B grade; second rate
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
stage; step; level; rank; order; stairs
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
class-A; A class; A grade
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
how; in what way; how about
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
tunnel; to tunnel (through a potential barrier); letting a grounder go through one's legs
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness