indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
abduction; kidnapping; kidnaping
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa); moutan; wild boar (meat)
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accompany; to go hand in hand with; to be consequent upon; to be accompanied by; to bring with; to take with
designation; specification; assignment; appointment; pointing at
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
special; particular; peculiar; unique
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
heavy work; manual labour; feat of strength
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in that way; thus; so; so?
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
thick; deep; kind; cordial; serious (of an illness); abundant
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do