indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
existence; possession; having; limited company
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fighting spirit; (will to) fight
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
championship game; finals (of a tournament); deciding round
to go in the direction of; to proceed toward; to become; to face (facts, circumstances, etc.); (arch.) to abide by; (arch.) to agree to
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
by means of; due to; because of; according to
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(public) notice; attention; public eye; public gaze
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
entry (on stage); appearance (on screen); entrance; introduction (into a market)
disturbance; trouble; ups and downs
martial arts; military arts; wushu; modern sport derived from traditional Chinese martial arts
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
match; game; bout; contest
crow (Corvus spp.); raven
to face (each other); to be facing; to be directed toward (the future, etc.); to be in response to; to receive (a client, etc.); to compare with
fierce battle; hard-fought battle; hot contest; severe fight
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)