indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to feel; to sense; to experience
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
going out; outing; leaving (one's home, office, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to be ordered (to do); to be charged with (a duty); to be assigned (a job)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
solitude; loneliness; isolation