indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
subordinate; underling; henchman; minion
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to betray; to turn traitor (to); to double-cross; to disappoint; to let down
desperate situation with no escape; being driven into a corner; being cornered; last extremity
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to fall into (e.g. a hole); to fall into (chaos, depression, dilemma, illness, etc.); to fall into (a trap, etc.); to fall; to surrender
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
plunge basin; waterfall lake; plunge pool; basin under a waterfall
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
head over heels; headlong; head first
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this way (of doing); this method; this sort (of thing); this type
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to bring down (an animal, opponent, etc.); to kill; to shoot dead; to shoot down
to harm; to hurt; to fail to do; to do amiss; to almost do; to come close to doing
regrettable; unfortunate; disappointing; vexing
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
ought to do; have to do; must do; feel obliged to
peace of mind; relief; (sense of) security; safety; assurance; confidence
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
not going (well); not proceeding (as one wishes); bad; not good; hopeless; beyond hope
immediately; as soon as possible; as quickly as possible
salary; pay; medical care; treatment; advance preparation