yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
classic (work, esp. book); the classics
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
quiz; short test; mini test
health and physical education
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
honorific/polite/humble prefix
kotatsu; table over an electric heater, with a hanging quilt to retain heat (orig. over a charcoal brazier in a floor well)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
mom; mommy; mum; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
day by day; by the day; (arch.) daily; (arch.) every day
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed