outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go under; to pass under; to dive (into or under the water); to evade; to get around; to survive
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
beginning; outset; first; onset
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to take (someone) out (for a walk, to lunch, etc.); to entice out; to lure away
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
to lie on top of each other; to overlap; to pile up
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
to dwell (in); to exist (within); to stay (at); to stop (at); to be in the womb (of an unborn child); to be part of a constellation
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
probably; (most) likely; in all likelihood; I suspect; I dare say; I'm afraid
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
to wake; to wake up; to wear off (of drunkenness, anaesthesia, etc.); to regain consciousness; to come to one's senses; to be disillusioned
basket (shopping, etc.); hamper; cage
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
to make sound (of an animal); to call; to cry; to make a meld call (e.g. pung, kong)
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
to lose (something); to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to turn back; to go back; to come back; to return; to retrace one's steps
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for