to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to dig up; to turn up; to tear up; to rake up (e.g. old scandal); to dig over
root (of a plant); root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); root (of all evil, etc.); source; one's true nature
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
shithead; bastard; fucking; bloody; damned
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
what the hell are you saying!?
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
not worth considering; out of the question
wood (for building); lumber; timber
progress; pace; carriage; step; stage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out; to hand (over); to give
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
levelling of ground (for construction); preparation of soil (for planting); rearranging stones (to simplify counting)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
consent; agreement; acceptance; understanding; satisfaction (e.g. with an explanation); being convinced
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)