indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pour in (liquids); to pour in (money); to pump in (investment)
school festival; campus festival
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
victory; triumph; win; conquest; success
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
satisfaction; contentment; sufficient; satisfactory; satisfying (an equation)
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
close contest; close match; close game; close combat
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
great difference; big difference; wide margin
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
almost; nearly; for the most part; roughly; approximately; about
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
to spread; to propagate; to popularize; to broaden; to extend; to widen
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to injure; to damage; to kill; to hinder; to obstruct
to neglect; to be negligent in; to be neglectful of; to improve (of an illness); to get better
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...