senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
now; the present time; just now; another; more
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
to hate; to dislike; to loathe
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
unrequited love; one-sided love
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
not a chance; not likely; oh no; yuck; fault; defect
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
service area; toll road rest stop; rest area
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
rest; break; recess; intermission
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?