indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
capture (of enemy territory); taking (by storm); defeating (an opponent); attacking (a problem) strategically
war; battle; match; game; competition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
lieutenant general; vice-admiral
under the command (of); under the banner (of); influenced (by)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as a matter of fact; actually; effectively; in reality; in effect
destruction; annihilation; devastation; catastrophe
Japanese pronunciation of a kanji (based on adopted Chinese pronunciations)
dukedom; duchy; principality
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Diet members' caucus; caucus of the Diet
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
while; even though; despite
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
to sit in a row; to be arrayed
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamor (for or against); to clamour (for or against)
empty air; sky; shunyata; emptiness; air force; fruitlessness; meaninglessness
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
line of defence (defense); lines (as in enemy lines, etc.)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union