century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
town; city; municipal; urban
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Japanese pronunciation of a kanji (based on adopted Chinese pronunciations)
dukedom; duchy; principality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
federal government (e.g. USA, Australia, Mexico, Germany, Canada)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to cause someone's death; to cause someone to die; to kill
people; men and women; each person; everybody
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
fear; dread; dismay; terror; horror; scare
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
outer space; void of space
dozens; scores of; decades
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
this (very thing); this precisely
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to dedicate; to make an offering; to supply; to store; to finish; to bring to a close; to restore (something to its place)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during