this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to get torn; to tear; to rip; to be broken off (of negotiations, etc.); to break down; to collapse
white; striped mullet fry (Mugil cephalus); speech; one's lines; white dragon tile; winning hand with a pung (or kong) of white dragon tiles; (arch.) white person
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in that way; thus; so; so?
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to smell; to smell of; to have a smell
(some) more; even more; longer; further
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...