desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come true (of a dream, wish, etc.); to be realized; to be fulfilled; to be granted; to be answered (of a prayer); to be requited (of love)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pitch (e.g. in baseball); pile (of noodles, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
fragment; broken piece; chip; ounce (of truth, conscience, etc.); trace; shred
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
coming and going; keeping in touch; visiting each other; street traffic; highway
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
present age; present day; contemporary; modern era; modern times; contemporary era
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
junior high school student; middle school pupil
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
test (of ability, knowledge, etc.); exam; test (of performance, quality, etc.); trial; rehearsal
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember