(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to do physical exercise; to be physically active; (lit.) to move one's body
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
medium; diviner; shaman; oracle
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
many; a lot; much; multitude
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
to seal (letter); to prevent; to forbid; to block
maliciousness; ill will; noxious gas; (arch.) (vengeful) ghost; (arch.) specter
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
to disappear into; to slip into; to be lost in; to be mixed up with
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
as (much) as possible; as (much) as one can; wherever practicable; if possible
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
easily; readily; with ease; without trouble