indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
feeling guilty; having a guilty conscience; having qualms about
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
jewel; precious stone; gem
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to use as an intermediary; to worry; to mind; to care
this world; this life; world of the living
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
traveller; traveler; wayfarer; tourist
disturbance; trouble; ups and downs
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to be resurrected; to be resuscitated; to be rehabilitated; to be recalled (e.g. memories); to be brought back
curse; spell; malediction