long ago; previous; of a former age
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
young person; youth; young
genius; prodigy; natural gift
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wisdom; intellectual power; intelligence; mental capacity; brains
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make (the best) use of; to put to good use; to let live; to keep alive; to revive; to resuscitate
around the world; throughout the world
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
cunning deed; sly trick; foul play; cunning person; sly fellow; cheat
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
people; men and women; each person; everybody
talented; gifted; prodigious; virtuoso; masterful
head; brains; intellect; understanding
praise; admiration; commendation; approbation
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to be frugal; to be sparing; to value; to hold dear; to regret (e.g. a loss); to feel sorry (for)
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
everyday; always; at all times; frequently
to vomit; to throw up; to emit; to send forth; to give (an opinion); to make (a comment)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
cause; seed; variety; kind; counter for varieties