at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis); qilin (Chinese unicorn); (arch.) horse that can ride 1000 ri in a day
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
heh heh heh; tee-hee; giggle
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
plain; frank; candid; open; direct; straightforward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
suffering from summer heat; summer heat fatigue
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
air conditioning; air cooling
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
preparatory school (for entrance examinations); cram school; cramming school
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
good feeling; feeling good
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
difference; variation; difference
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
breath; breathing; tone; mood
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)