indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
Lord; Highness; (arch.) you
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; card; program
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
one's nature; one's feelings; plain; unadorned; mere; poor
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
can do nothing but ...; have no choice but to ...; there is nothing to do but ...; cannot help ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to be broken; to break; to break (down); to stop working; to fall through (of a plan, deal, etc.); to collapse
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to wound; to injure; to hurt someone's feelings (pride, etc.); to damage; to chip
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
promise; agreement; appointment; engagement; convention; rule
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to abandon; to fail; to desert; to forsake