Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
strangeness; abnormality; disorder
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
disagreeableness; unpleasantness; nastiness; cutting remark; disagreeable remark; snide comment
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to jump at the chance; to accept an offer; to show interest in; to accept a proposal
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in addition; furthermore; above (which); on top of (which)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be mixed; to be blended with; to associate with; to mingle with; to join
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
intolerable; unbearable; tremendous; out of this world; cannot help (doing); cannot but do
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
alone; by oneself; on one's own
in all sincerity; truthfully; honestly
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
rudeness; impoliteness; discourtesy; insolence
plain; plateau; tableland
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
pardon; forgiveness; tolerance; leniency; mercy; going easy (on someone)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to say; to be called; to do
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
the lower classes; the common people
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)