this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
formation; molding; making up; repair (e.g. plastic surgery); replacement; -plasty
numerical value; numerics; reading (on a meter, etc.)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
search; lookup; hunt; (item of) research; exploration; investigation
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
often; again and again; over and over again; repeatedly; frequently
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
sky; the skies; high-altitude sky; upper air
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
coming flying in (migratory birds, airborne sand, pollen, etc.); coming by airplane
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
archipelago; group of islands
group; bunch; crowd; group
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
than; from; out of; except; but; more
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
making use of; application; practical use; operation; handling; steering (esp. a boat)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)