indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lonely (place); remote; in the middle of nowhere
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut off; to cut up; to tear to pieces
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance; thin soup of fish or shellfish boiled in seawater
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tiger (Panthera tigris); drunkard; drunk; sot
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house of parliament (congress, diet, etc.); graduate school; postgraduate school; institution (often medical); institutional building; sub-temple; minor temple building
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
having an ancient and honorable origin
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(social) standing; status; identity; birth; one's circumstances; one's means
high and low; rise and fall
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to appease; to suppress; to calm
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become