huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
carrying on one's back (e.g. baby); piggyback ride
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
life; living; I; me; student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
full of (e.g. mistakes); riddled with; covered all over with (blood, mud, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
consequence; outcome; result; blame
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to mix; to stir; to blend
danger; peril; hazard; risk
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
last moment; eleventh hour; platform made of dirt used to perform executions (decapitations) in the Edo period
within a company; in-house; within a shrine; shrine precincts
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
kind; courteous; intimate; (arch.) becoming intimate; (arch.) having an intimate relationship (sometimes esp. a homosexual relationship)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...