indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
sweets (desserts, candy, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival