indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
system; institution; organization; organisation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
around the world; throughout the world
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
everywhere; all over; throughout
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
dispute; conflict; trouble; strife
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
our country; our land; one's own country
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to hold up high; to raise overhead; to tout (a principle, plan, etc.); to herald; to publish
thoughtless; reckless; rash; excessive; unreasonable; immoderate
resistance; opposition; reluctance; repulsion; resistance; drag
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
under control (e.g. of territory)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
easy; simple; easygoing; lighthearted; simplistic
check; restraint; oppression; suppression
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly