indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
sphere; counter for balls
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
pitcher; pitcher (container); jug
strike (e.g. in baseball, bowling)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
probability; likelihood; chances
out (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); outside the line; out; putout; outer; external; exit
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
speck; dot; point; only a little; particle; only one
third (base, baseman, gear)
pitcher's first pitch (to batter)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen