indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be found; to be discovered
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to say; to tell; to state; to do
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
such a stupid ...; what a crazy ...; no way!; what nonsense!; how can that be?
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
certain; sure; no doubt; reliable; dependable
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
enjoyment; pleasure; amusement; anticipation; looking forward to; something to look forward to
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be placed on; to be set on; to be piled on; to appear (in print); to be mentioned; to be recorded
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous
the place for; the time for; the level of
company; firm; (Shinto) shrine; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.; incorporated body
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about